# load packages
library(countdown)
library(tidyverse)
library(colorspace)
library(cowplot)
library(colorblindr)
library(waffle)
# set theme for ggplot2
ggplot2::theme_set(ggplot2::theme_minimal(base_size = 14))
# set width of code output
options(width = 65)
# set figure parameters for knitr
knitr::opts_chunk$set(
fig.width = 7, # 7" width
fig.asp = 0.618, # the golden ratio
fig.retina = 3, # dpi multiplier for displaying HTML output on retina
fig.align = "center", # center align figures
dpi = 300 # higher dpi, sharper image
)Visualizing Likert data I
Lecture 15
Dr. Greg Chism
University of Arizona
INFO 526 - Spring 2024
Warm up
Announcements
- HW 4 is due April 3rd
- All questions: Add alt text with
fig-alt
- All questions: Add alt text with
- RQ 4 is due March 22nd
Setup
Visualizing Likert data
Nature Graduate Student 2022 Survey
Data
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 94
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am able to save money alongside my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am worried about the increasing cost of living` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: Increased inflation will negatively impact my decision to further pursue my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I regularly worry about my increasing student debt` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The difficulty of getting funding / low success rates for grant applications` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Inability to finish my studies in the time period I had set out to` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Impact of a poor relationship with my supervisor` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The number of available faculty research jobs` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The high numbers of early career researchers on continuing temporary contracts as postdocs` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The difficulty of maintaining a work/life balance` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Uncertainty about the value of a graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Uncertainty about future employment/career prospects` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Student debt during my graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Financial worries after my graduate degree (cost of living, inability to save for a house, children, retirement)` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Political landscape` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Impostor syndrome` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Concern about my mental health as a result of undertaking a graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Poor support and acknowledgement of my parenting/elder care responsibilities` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Access to teaching staff and supervisors being restricted under remote study formats` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with your decision to pursue a graduate degree?` <chr> …
$ `Are you planning on pursuing a PhD once you’ve completed your Master's degree?` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with your graduate degree experience?` <chr> …
$ `Since the very start of your graduate school experience, would you say your level of satisfaction has:` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Availability of funding` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Hours worked` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Social environment` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Degree of independence` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Recognition from supervisor` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Overall relationship with supervisor` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Overall compensation and benefits` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Vacation time` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Guidance received from adviser in lab/research` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Ability to attend meetings and conferences` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Work-life balance` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Career pathway guidance and advice` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Quality of teaching` <chr> …
$ `How satisfied are you with each of the following attributes or aspects of your degree? Balance of teaching and practical elements` <chr> …
$ `My supervisor … Makes time for frank conversations about my career` <chr> …
$ `My supervisor … Is open to the idea of me pursuing a career outside academia` <chr> …
$ `My supervisor … Has useful advice for careers outside academia` <chr> …
$ `My supervisor … Has encouraged me to attend career training and events` <chr> …
$ `Mental health and wellbeing services in my university are tailored and appropriate to the needs of graduate students` <chr> …
$ `My supervisor has a good awareness of support services and was able to signpost me to them if needed` <chr> …
$ `My university offers adequate one-to-one mental health support` <chr> …
$ `My university offers different types of support to promote mental health and wellbeing beyond one-to-one support (e.g. workshops, seminars, activities)` <chr> …
$ `My university supports good work-life balance` <chr> …
$ `There is a long-hours culture at my university, including sometimes working through the night` <chr> …
$ `How much do you expect your graduate degree to improve your job prospects?` <chr> …
$ Academia...49 <dbl> …
$ Academia...50 <dbl> …
$ Academia...51 <dbl> …
$ Academia...52 <dbl> …
$ Academia...53 <dbl> …
$ Industry...54 <dbl> …
$ Industry...55 <dbl> …
$ Industry...56 <dbl> …
$ Industry...57 <dbl> …
$ Industry...58 <dbl> …
$ Government...59 <dbl> …
$ Government...60 <dbl> …
$ Government...61 <dbl> …
$ Government...62 <dbl> …
$ Government...63 <dbl> …
$ `Non-profit...64` <dbl> …
$ `Non-profit...65` <dbl> …
$ `Non-profit...66` <dbl> …
$ `Non-profit...67` <dbl> …
$ `Non-profit...68` <dbl> …
$ Medical...69 <dbl> …
$ Medical...70 <dbl> …
$ Medical...71 <dbl> …
$ Medical...72 <dbl> …
$ Medical...73 <dbl> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Collecting and analyzing data` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Designing robust reproducible experiments` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Writing a paper for publication in a peer-reviewed journal` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Applying for funding` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Finding a satisfying career` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Managing complex projects` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Developing a business plan` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Managing people` <chr> …
$ `How well is your current graduate degree preparing you to carry out each of the following activities? Managing a large operational budget` <chr> …
$ `I feel that my graduate degree program is preparing me well for a research career` <chr> …
$ `I feel that my graduate degree program is preparing me well for a non-research science-related career` <chr> …
$ `Do you feel that you have experienced bullying during your graduate degree?` <chr> …
$ `Do you feel able to speak out about your experiences of bullying without personal repercussions?` <chr> …
$ `Do you feel that you have experienced discrimination or harassment during your graduate degree?` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....88` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....89` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....90` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....91` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....92` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....93` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....94` <chr> …Monetary concerns
| To what extent do you agree or disagree with … | Strongly Agree | Somewhat Agree | Neither Agree Nor Disagree | Somewhat Disagree | Strongly Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I am able to save money alongside my studies | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| I am worried about the increasing cost of living | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Increased inflation will negatively impact my decision to further pursue my studies | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| I regularly worry about my increasing student debt | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Monetary concerns
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 4
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am able to save money alongside my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am worried about the increasing cost of living` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: Increased inflation will negatively impact my decision to further pursue my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I regularly worry about my increasing student debt` <chr> …Degree related concerns
| What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? | Not Concerned at All | Very Concerned | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The difficulty of getting funding / low success rates for grant applications | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Inability to finish my studies in the time period I had set out to | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Impact of a poor relationship with my supervisor | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| … | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Degree related concerns
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 15
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The difficulty of getting funding / low success rates for grant applications` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Inability to finish my studies in the time period I had set out to` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Impact of a poor relationship with my supervisor` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The number of available faculty research jobs` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The high numbers of early career researchers on continuing temporary contracts as postdocs` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? The difficulty of maintaining a work/life balance` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Uncertainty about the value of a graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Uncertainty about future employment/career prospects` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Student debt during my graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Financial worries after my graduate degree (cost of living, inability to save for a house, children, retirement)` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Political landscape` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Impostor syndrome` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Concern about my mental health as a result of undertaking a graduate degree` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Poor support and acknowledgement of my parenting/elder care responsibilities` <chr> …
$ `What concerns have you had since you started your graduate degree? Access to teaching staff and supervisors being restricted under remote study formats` <chr> …Satisfaction
| How satisfied are you with … | Not Concerned at All | Very Concerned | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Your decision to pursue a graduate degree? | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Your graduate degree experience? | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Satisfaction
Bullying/Harassment
| Do you feel that you have experienced bullying during your graduate degree? | Yes | No | Prefer not to say |
| Do you feel able to speak out about your experiences of bullying without personal repercussions? | Yes | No | Unsure |
| Do you feel that you have experienced discrimination or harassment during your graduate degree? | Yes | No | Prefer not to say |
Bullying/Harassment
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 3
$ `Do you feel that you have experienced bullying during your graduate degree?` <chr> …
$ `Do you feel able to speak out about your experiences of bullying without personal repercussions?` <chr> …
$ `Do you feel that you have experienced discrimination or harassment during your graduate degree?` <chr> …Bullying/Harassment II
| Question | Options | Type of question | Mandatory Y/N? | Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Who was the perpetrator(s) | Please select all that apply. a) Supervisor b) Another student c) Postdoc d) Other academic staff member e) Online troll f) Other, please specify |
Multiple choice Same page as above Prefer not to say exclusive |
N | Ask if Q31=yes (experienced bullying) |
Bullying/Harassment II
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 7
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....88` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....89` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....90` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....91` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....92` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....93` <chr> …
$ `Who was the perpetrator(s)? Please select all that apply....94` <chr> …Demographics
| Question | Options | Type of question | Mandatory Y/N? | Routing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Which, if any, of the following degrees are you currently studying for? | a) Master’s degree (MA/MS/MSc/PSM or other Master’s) b) Doctorate degree (PhD/DPhil/MD) c) Dual doctorate degree (MD-PhD, PhD-PhD or other combination) … |
Single choice | Y | Ask to all Screen out if not PhD or Masters’ student i.e. must select (a b or c) |
Visualizing categorical data
Bullying/Harassment
If you were bullied, who was the perpetrator(s)?
nature_bullying <- nature |>
select(contains("Who was the")) |>
pivot_longer(cols = everything(), names_to = "Question", values_to = "person")
nature_bullying |> distinct(person) |> drop_na() # A tibble: 7 × 1
person
<chr>
1 Supervisor
2 Another student
3 Other
4 Postdoc
5 Other academic staff member
6 Prefer not to say
7 Online troll Bar chart
Pie chart
Waffle chart
Using waffle
Proportional waffle chart
Waffles work best when they are square – makes it easier to compare parts to whole which is the purpose of the chart
Proportional waffle chart, take 2
With a bit of fudging…
Let’s actually make these figures!
Code Demo.
Visualizing Likert data
Monetary concerns
Rows: 3,253
Columns: 4
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am able to save money alongside my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I am worried about the increasing cost of living` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: Increased inflation will negatively impact my decision to further pursue my studies` <chr> …
$ `To what extent do you agree with the following statements?: I regularly worry about my increasing student debt` <chr> …Monetary concerns visualized
A very rough starting point:
